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Science Coronavirus Coverage What families can do now that kids are getting the vaccine. Magazine How one image captures 21 hours of a volcanic eruption. But the creatures that live in the deepest parts of the ocean have special features, which help them deal with these tough conditions — including the crushing pressure.
When you dive to the bottom of a deep swimming pool, you might start getting a painful or unpleasant feeling in your ears and sinuses. This is because they contain air: that feeling comes from the air sacs in your body being squashed by the pressure of the water.
The deepest dwelling species of fish, called the hadal snailfish , can be found at depths of about 8,m. But having a body with no air cavities will only get you so far, since high pressure can also destroy the very structure of molecules — the tiny building blocks that make up all matter.
Read more: Curious Kids: is everything really made of molecules? Shallow water species have piezolytes too, but deep sea species have many more — so deep water species would smell much more fishy. This molecule is only effective up to certain depths though; as the water gets deeper, the pressure becomes too much, even for snailfish. Tiny organisms called microbes have been recovered from the very bottom of the Mariana Trench, and they have peizolytes to help protect them, too. A group of deep-sea creatures have lung-like swim bladders which help in controlling their buoyancy.
The swim bladders do not collapse because in the deep sea the gas inside is equivalent to the pressure of the water outside. Presence of TMAO in deep-sea fish prevents the distortion and compression of proteins and other vital molecules within the body under intense external pressure. Lack of nitrogen absorption at deep pressure prevents the development of nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness.
Learn more about the deep sea ecology here. The deep-sea is cold, dark, and mysterious but its creatures are known for their amazing adaptations. Sharon Omondi September 10 in Environment. Puma, Cougar, Or Mountain Lion? Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
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