The distance between two places is 12 km. A map scale is 1: The distance between the two places on the map, in cm, is. When half of a number is increased by 15, the result is The sum of digits of the original number is. If one number is , then the other number is. A square and a circle have equal perimeters. The ratio of the area of the square to the area of the circle is. The perimeter in cm of the square is. The mean of 10 numbers is 0. If 72 and —12 are included in these numbers, the new mean will be.
The circumference of the base of a right circular cylinder is 44 cm and its height is 15 cm. The perimeter of each rectangle is 40 units. What is the perimeter of given square? Algebra is introduced in the middle classes. One of the response sheet was as follows:. According to Van Hiele level of Geometric thought the five levels of geometric understanding are visualization, analysis, informal deduction, formal deduction and rigour.
Students of class VII are asked to classify the quadrilaterals according to their properties. Length and breadth of the box is 30 cm and 15 cm respectively. What is the possible height of the box? Also find the volume of this box. This task refer to. Nadeem gave the following task to his class, after completing the topic on lines and angles: Speak for 2 minutes on the following figures using your knowledge about lines and angles:.
This type of error is termed as. After 2 years he withdrew the money to purchase the study table for Rs. How much amount will he receive after two years? If Megha has x toffees, how many toffees does Neha have? The steps required for the conversion of kitchen garbage into manure are given below in a jumbled form. Two organisms are best friends and live together. One provides shelter, water and nutrients while the other prepares and provides food.
Such an association of organisms is termed as. Frogs and earthworms breathe through their skin because of which the skin of both the organisms is. While going for a picnic a student noted the reading on the odometer on the bus after every 10 minutes till the end of the journey.
Later on he recorded the reading in a table shown below:. You are provided with a concave mirror, a concave lens, a convex mirror and a convex lens. To obtain an enlarged image of an object you can use either. When we add aluminium foil to freshly prepared sodium hydroxide solution a gas is produced. Cults are a mirror in which we can see, more clearly focused, aspects of the wider culture — the process by which the norms, values, ideas and shared perceptions of a society are passed down from generation to generation.
In conforming we become 'cultured'. There are practical advantages in conforming and certain disadvantages in not doing so. No group or country is one static culture but a special mix of interrelating lesser cultures.
The streetwise homeless in Britain today, for example, have a different 'culture' from a British farmer, accountant or a nurse. At the same time, however, all British people share in something that is distinctive and different from, say, a South American, African or Middle Eastern culture.
In other words, each country's mix has a distinct 'flavour'. Most of us probably think that, unlike members of cults, we think for ourselves and act on our own volition. This is in fact far from the case. Not only does much of our behaviour derive from post hypnotic conditioning, but as social beings we easily become subject to automatic group behaviour. Group behaviour pattern is established very early on — in the family.
We comply with the way the family operates because, to survive, we have to. Our parents are our first 'leaders'. We compete with our siblings within the family groups, exhibiting jealousies and rivalries.
When we grow up, we become independent in some ways, but, unless we are weaned from it, the primitive pattern remains, largely unperceived. As adults, much more than we usually realise, we still depend on leaders — parent figures — to look after us and take decisions. Social psychologist Stanley Milgram famously showed in his experiments on obedience that, when we obey authority, we do not see ourselves as responsible for our actions, however cruel.
This basic pattern of group behaviour is found all round the world — in many other animals as well as us — and it arose out of the survival value of living in packs and herds. Survival chances were much higher as a member of a group that could act collectively for protection.
The enormous power of the group is evidenced in the fact that, if we witness a mugging or attack in the streets, we are more likely to help if we witness it alone rather than in a crowd or group. Many studies have shown this. It happens because, if others are around, we look to others for cues on how to behave. As undeveloped people, unless trained otherwise, we resort to the primitive pattern of looking for someone else to take responsibility.
At an earlier stage in human evolution this was probably a useful tactic because a tribe or group cannot enlist cooperation and operate in unity unless there is a good measure of agreement within it. But there are clearly times when this is inappropriate behaviour and leadership is sought. Leaders are people who can detach themselves enough from the group to be able to make choices based on their individual judgement.
They then can point the way but, to get everyone going, they have to exploit group behaviour. Their motivation for doing this may be selfish, altruistic or a mixture of both. Individuals may benefit from group protection when they join a cult — and there is evidence that many people are 'saner', safer and cause society fewer problems inside a cult than out — but there is a price to pay. Not least that they restrict their potential to become independent human beings. Group members become embarrassed by individualistic views, which might bring change and progress.
However, this tendency is not restricted to conventional cults. All traditional religions, which most of us still don't think of as cults, show the cult-like tendencies of idolising leaders and preventing independent thought. When in the third century, for example, Christianity became cult-like, some of its followers rampaged around the Mediterranean destroying the great classical libraries, actively suppressing learning and scientific endeavour wherever they found it.
The effect was to plunge Europe into what became known as the Dark Ages, holding back human development here for hundreds of years. This is not, of course, how Christians today like to have their history regarded, but it is hard to refute. The rise of communism and fascism were major 20th century examples of cult-like behaviour that grew to such an extent that they had a disastrous impact on human progress.
In a group no one wants to be seen as the 'bad guy' who has individual thoughts that challenge the rightness of the group, and this is a big danger. Cult-like behaviour, wherever it is found, leads to, and traps people in, unrealistic, inflexible thinking.
Cult leaders demand loyalty and suppress criticism. For them, power must be absolute. Authoritarianism takes precedence over anything else. They often claim that 'special' knowledge, secret ancient doctrines or divine revelation is guiding them. Here again we can see how this developed out of a natural process that began in the family and the tribe. A child is more likely to die if it does not obey its parents who are more aware of dangers in the environment than the young one.
As people grow up and the society they live in becomes more complex, individuals with expertise had to give direction and be followed and obeyed in certain circumstances.
That's how businesses work, military operations run, and schools and countries are governed. But cults, because they only serve the leader, exploit and pervert that useful habit and, to establish and maintain itself, does everything possible to destroy family ties, and any other secure and conventional anchor in a person's life. This has the effect of strengthening a member's bond with the cult and its leader. From this viewpoint, the cults that promote celibacy and the cults that encourage indulgence in sexual promiscuity are seeking the same ends — the destruction of normal family life and the substitution of dependence on the cult group authority.
Although ordinary institutions in our society do not yet directly seek to destroy family ties, 'nanny state' interference may be having a similar effect. Dependence, the wish to have a 'parent' take responsibility for our lives, as many people have pointed out, can lead people to view 'God' as a father figure. Political leaders can also become important fantasy figures who, for many people, take on the aura of 'big daddy', all-knowing and charismatic. Politicians we all observe are primarily concerned with preserving their positions than being useful to society.
This becomes apparent when the contents of major, 'private', meetings of world leaders are leaked, revealing them to be as much in the dark as the rest of us — just reacting to events. This is why so many politicians become obsessed with secrecy, cutting people 'out of the loop', seeking scapegoats and rarely answer straight questions with straight answers. They are trying to maintain the structure and fantasy of being 'guiding shepherds' without knowing what is really needed. They do have a real secret, however, and it is that they are sheep too!
They are not the omnipotent, far-seeing father figures that so many seem to long for. Western leaders like to claim we live in democracies but that notion doesn't stand up to examination. For a start, democratically voting over every decision is hopelessly inefficient: decisions tend to take forever, involve compromises that prevent anything working in a straightforward manner and pander to the lowest common denominator in a group.
Voting, of course, has a broad use in removing hopeless or tyrannical leaders from office. But democratic processes are only useful where they are necessary. There is another reason democracy is rare in human activity. It is because there are always people who find out that taking power is easier than askingfor it. We all give up power easily — whatever we might like to think.
And a lot of the time this is appropriate. If someone knows the path through a swamp you follow him. This is natural behaviour, but the problem is that people in all fields of human activity still tend to respond like mesmerised rabbits to anyone who offers to take responsibility, without checking out that the person really is competent to do so. If someone steals the clothes of the swamp guide and people follow him into the swamp, the likely result is that they will get lost and worse.
And this taking of power is exactly what happens in cults. Our emails are made to shine in your inbox, with something fresh every morning, afternoon, and weekend.
In Black Panther , Wakanda is a kingdom made up of several different tribes, each with their own distinctive style. Carter and Beachler researched traditional culture and clothing which they drew from across different parts of the continent. Carter particularly drew on the work of contemporary fashion designers who use African traditions in current trends and textiles.
There were also nods to the dapper street style of Congolese sapeurs and the Afrofuturist originality of Afropunk festival-goers. Their most distinctive costume features are the blanket cloaks they wear, the traditional gear of the Basotho people. In Lesotho, a mountainous country surrounded by South Africa which gets snow in the winter, the Basotho blanket holds deep significance. In the film, the border tribe live in the mountains that hide Wakanda, living in simple villages.
In the film, the rolling green landscapes of the border tribe look very much like those of Lesotho. In reality though, the script draws inspiration from Nsibidi, with origins in modern-day Cross River in southeast Nigeria. Traditionally, husbands are supposed to provide the rings, once they have built a home for their wives.
The wealthier a husband is, the more rings a woman has. Today, the aesthetics of the Ndebele culture are still one of the most instantly recognizable South African cultures. Along with the intricate beading, Ndebele women are known for their bold, colorful wall paintings dotted all over eastern South Africa, and which could also be spotted on some of the walls of downtown Wakanda.
Esther Mahlangu, is perhaps the most well known Ndebele artist, most recently commissioned to design the interior of a limited edition BMW. One of the elders in Wakanda wears the distinctive locks of ovaHimba women. Sculpted in otjize paste, made of butter, fat, red ochre and scented with herbal aromatics, ovaHimba plait or twist their hair into thick locks, often leaving ends to puff. Living in the unforgiving desert climate of northern Namibia, ovaHimba also protect their skin with the red-brown otjize paste.
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